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Related Concept Videos

Social Scripts02:10

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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput
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PBM scrutiny likely to increase after Anthem, Express Scripts breakup.

Shelby Livingston

    Modern Healthcare
    |November 27, 2018
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    Summary

    Anthem is seeking a new pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) due to industry consolidation. This strategic shift is uncommon in the PBM landscape.

    Area of Science:

    • Health Economics
    • Pharmaceutical Policy

    Background:

    • The pharmaceutical supply chain is dominated by a few large pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs).
    • PBMs play a critical role in negotiating drug prices and managing formularies.
    • Partnering with a PBM is typically a long-term commitment for health insurers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze Anthem's strategic decision to seek a new PBM.
    • To understand the implications of this decision within the consolidated PBM market.

    Main Methods:

    • Market analysis of the PBM industry.
    • Review of Anthem's historical PBM relationships.
    • Assessment of industry trends in PBM consolidation.

    Main Results:

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  • Anthem's search highlights the challenges of PBM selection in a concentrated market.
  • The move signals potential shifts in payer-PBM dynamics.
  • Industry consolidation limits options and increases switching costs.

    • Conclusions:

    • Anthem's PBM search is a significant event in the healthcare industry.
    • The decision underscores the complexities of managing pharmaceutical benefits.
    • Future PBM relationships may be influenced by this strategic maneuver.