Transforming waterworks sludge into controlled low-strength material: Bench-scale optimization and field test

Xiaoliang Fang1, Lei Wang1, Chi Sun Poon1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Summary

This study upcycles waterworks sludge and incinerated sewage sludge ash into controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). Adding triethanolamine (TEA) optimized CLSM properties, creating sustainable construction materials.

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