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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
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Engineering hydrogenated manganese dioxide nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors.

Xiao Ying Liu1, Tian Cheng Gong2, Jie Zhang2

  • 1Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogenation enhances manganese dioxide (MnO2) for supercapacitors. This novel method improves electrical conductivity and rate capability, leading to high specific capacitance and stability.

Keywords:
H-MnO(x)HydrogenationSupercapacitorsTransition metal oxides

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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Improving the rate capability of transition metal oxides is crucial for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.
  • Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is a promising electrode material but suffers from limited conductivity.
  • Enhanced electron transfer is key to unlocking the full potential of MnO2-based supercapacitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrogenation as a novel strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of manganese dioxide (MnO2) for supercapacitors.
  • To systematically study the effect of hydrogenation parameters on MnO2 structure and conductivity.
  • To evaluate the supercapacitive performance of hydrogenated MnO2 (H-MnOx) in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hydrogenated manganese dioxide (H-MnOx) through controlled hydrogenation processes.
  • Systematic investigation of preparative parameters including hydrogenation temperature and time.
  • Characterization of crystal phase, surface structure, and electrical conductivity of H-MnOx.
  • Electrochemical testing of H-MnOx electrodes for supercapacitor applications, including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogenation modified the crystal phase and surface structure of MnO2, significantly increasing its electrical conductivity.
  • The prepared H-MnOx exhibited a high specific capacitance of 640 mF/cm² at 1 mA/cm².
  • Excellent rate capability (89.6% capacitance retention from 1 to 10 mA/cm²) and cycling stability (84.6% retention after 1000 cycles) were achieved.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the improved conductivity of H-MnOx nanosheets.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogenation is a facile and effective strategy to enhance the rate capability of transition metal oxides like MnO2 for supercapacitors.
  • The interconnected ultrathin nanosheets structure of H-MnOx provides efficient ion diffusion pathways and a large electrode/electrolyte interface.
  • The improved electrical conductivity resulting from hydrogenation is critical for achieving high energy and power densities in supercapacitors.