Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
05:39
Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Published on: May 16, 2025
663
Preterm Delivery Phenotypes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pregnancies
Julia F Simard1,2,3, Yashaar Chaichian2, Marios Rossides3
1Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
American Journal of Perinatology
|November 27, 2018
Summary
Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face higher risks of preterm birth, often medically indicated. Preeclampsia significantly contributes to this increased risk in SLE pregnancies.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Rheumatology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in pregnant women increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
- Preterm delivery is a significant concern, with a notable proportion being iatrogenic (medically indicated).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate preterm delivery phenotypes in women with SLE compared to the general population.
- To assess the role of preeclampsia in mediating preterm delivery risk in SLE pregnancies.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Swedish Register data (2001-2013) for population-based analysis.
- Defined maternal SLE and compared preterm delivery rates (<37 weeks) between SLE-exposed and non-SLE pregnancies.
- Differentiated between spontaneous and iatrogenic, and extremely preterm (<32 weeks) versus later preterm deliveries, analyzing the impact of preeclampsia.
Main Results:
- Preterm delivery was significantly more common in SLE pregnancies (22% first, 15% subsequent) versus general population (6% first, 4% subsequent).
- Among SLE first births, 27% were extremely preterm, with 90% being iatrogenic.
- Preeclampsia was identified as a significant mediator of preterm delivery risk in SLE.
Conclusions:
- Women with SLE experience a higher incidence of preterm delivery compared to the general population.
- A substantial portion of the increased preterm delivery risk in SLE is attributable to preeclampsia.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Second Order systems II
406
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
01:21First Order Systems
428
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
428
01:20Second Order systems I
599
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
599
01:06Thermodynamic Systems
8.0K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
8.0K
01:26Classification of Systems-I
594
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
594
01:31Classification of Systems-II
502
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
502