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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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[Persistent hypertension for two months in a preterm infant].

Yun-Feng Liu1, Tong-Yan Han, Xiao-Mei Tong

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China. tongxm2007@126.com.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) in infants presents with hypertension and vascular calcification. Early diagnosis through imaging and genetic testing, particularly for ENPP1 gene mutations, is crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) is a rare condition characterized by widespread arterial calcification.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing IIAC and preventing severe complications.

Observation:

  • A 2-month-old infant presented with cough, dyspnea, persistent hypertension, proteinuria, and convulsions.
  • Imaging revealed extensive aortic calcification, abdominal aorta stenosis, and renal artery abnormalities.
  • The infant had a history of neonatal wet lung and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Findings:

  • Genetic analysis identified compound heterozygous mutations (c.130C>T and c.1112A>T) in the ENPP1 gene in the infant and parents.
  • The c.1112A>T mutation is a known pathogenic variant associated with IIAC.
  • The patient was diagnosed with IIAC and managed with phosphonates, antihypertensives, and respiratory support.

Implications:

  • IIAC should be considered in infants presenting with persistent hypertension and extensive vascular calcification.
  • Prompt imaging and genetic testing are essential for early and accurate diagnosis of IIAC.
  • Timely diagnosis and management can help stabilize blood pressure and prevent disease progression.