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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
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Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

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Technologies to Augment Rotator Cuff Repair.

Anand M Murthi1, Manesha Lankachandra1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New technologies like platelet-rich plasma and stem cells aim to enhance rotator cuff repair healing. However, their variable efficacy and graft materials present ongoing challenges for tendon to bone healing.

Keywords:
Allograft scaffoldPlatelet-rich plasmaRotator cuff repairStem cellsSynthetic scaffold

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Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
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A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears
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Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Rotator cuff repair healing rates are inconsistent.
  • Current treatments face limitations in promoting tendon to bone healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging technologies for improving rotator cuff repair outcomes.
  • To evaluate the role of biologics and scaffolds in tendon healing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on platelet-rich plasma, stem cells, and grafts.
  • Analysis of the variability in biologic products and scaffold materials.

Main Results:

  • Platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells may create a favorable healing environment.
  • Grafts and scaffolds offer structural support but vary in composition.
  • Efficacy of biologic treatments is inconsistent due to differing growth factor profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Novel approaches show promise for enhancing rotator cuff healing.
  • Variability in biologic products and scaffold materials necessitates further research.
  • Optimizing these adjuncts is key to improving tendon to bone healing success.