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Related Concept Videos

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)01:27

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

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α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
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A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Steel Manufacturing01:26

Steel Manufacturing

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Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Additive Manufacturing in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Sneha Prabha Narra1, Peter N Mittwede2, Sandra DeVincent Wolf1

  • 1NextManufacturing Center, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers revolutionary potential in various sectors. This article explores AM techniques for total joint arthroplasty, detailing applications and challenges for orthopedic surgeons.

Keywords:
3-D printingAdditive manufacturing (AM)Electron beam melting (EBM)Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)Metal implantsOrthopedicsTotal joint arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, enables complex geometries layer-by-layer.
  • AM is transforming industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy.
  • Its application in medical device manufacturing, particularly orthopedics, is rapidly advancing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies.
  • To discuss the current state-of-the-art AM methodologies in total joint arthroplasty.
  • To summarize AM applications and challenges relevant to orthopedic surgeons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques.
  • Analysis of AM applications in the field of total joint arthroplasty.
  • Identification and summary of challenges associated with AM in orthopedics.

Main Results:

  • AM enables customized implants and complex structures for joint replacements.
  • Current AM technologies show promise for improved patient outcomes in arthroplasty.
  • Significant challenges remain in material science, process control, and regulatory approval.

Conclusions:

  • Additive Manufacturing (AM) presents a significant opportunity to advance total joint arthroplasty.
  • Understanding AM's capabilities and limitations is crucial for orthopedic surgeons.
  • Further research and development are needed to overcome current challenges and fully realize AM's potential in orthopedics.