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Behavioral empathy failures and suicidal behavior.

Ke Zhang1, Katalin Szanto2, Luke Clark1

  • 1Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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|November 28, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults who attempted suicide showed reduced empathy in social decision-making. This suggests impaired emotional integration may weaken social deterrents against suicide.

Keywords:
DepressionEmpathyMood disorderSuicidal ideationSuicideUltimatum game

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Impaired decision-making is linked to suicidal diathesis.
  • Social decision-making in suicidal individuals remains understudied.
  • Interpersonal factors often precipitate or deter suicidal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate empathy's role in moderating social conflict responses in older adults.
  • To examine social decision-making differences across suicide attempters, ideators, depressed controls, and non-psychiatric controls.
  • To utilize a novel Ultimatum Game paradigm to assess responses to fairness and social context.

Main Methods:

  • 149 older adults participated: suicide attempters (n=49), suicide ideators (n=32), non-suicidal depressed controls (n=33), and non-psychiatric controls (n=35).
  • A modified Ultimatum Game presented participants as responders to varied financial offers (fair/unfair).
  • Offers were paired with social context cues to elicit empathy or punishment, assessing acceptance rates.

Main Results:

  • Offer acceptance was influenced by fairness and social context, with more acceptance in empathy conditions and less in punishment conditions.
  • A significant Group * Context interaction emerged.
  • Suicide attempters showed less adjustment in offer acceptance within the empathy condition compared to non-psychiatric controls.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults with a history of suicide attempts are less responsive to empathy-evoking social contexts.
  • A diminished capacity to integrate others' emotions into decision-making may compromise social deterrents to suicide.
  • Findings highlight the importance of social cognition deficits in the suicidal diathesis.