Increase of power conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells through ferroelectric substrate induced charge...

Ferroelectric functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated by using a positively-poled LiNbO₃ substrate coated with ITO (ITO-LiNbO₃) as a collector electrode and demonstrated enhanced power conversion efficiency. Surface potential properties of TiO₂ nanoparticle film coated on the ITO-LiNbO₃ (TiO₂/ITO-LiNbO₃) examined by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) confirmed that a large electric field (a few 10 V/µm) generated from LiNbO₃ can penetrate through the ITO layer and is applied to TiO₂ film. This polarization-induced electric field leads to an increased photocurrent density by attracting and promoting electrons to direct transport through the mesoporous TiO₂ network toward the collector electrode and a decreased charge recombination by facilitating electrons to pass through fewer boundaries of nanoparticles, resulting in high power conversion efficiency. The power conversion efficiency was enhanced by more than 40% in comparison with that without polarization-induced electric field. Incorporating functional ferroelectrics into photovoltaic cells would be a good strategy in improving photovoltaic performance and is applicable to other types of photovoltaic devices, such as perovskite solar cells.