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Who or What is SHERLOCK?

Ann M Gronowski¹

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.

|November 28, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology offers innovative nucleic acid detection methods. Tools like SHERLOCK and DETECTR provide sensitive and rapid diagnostics, overcoming limitations of traditional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Keywords:

CRISPR PCR nucleic acid

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a standard nucleic acid detection method but requires specialized equipment and trained personnel.
Emerging diagnostic technologies leverage Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene editing for nucleic acid detection.

Purpose of the Study:

This review focuses on novel diagnostic methods utilizing CRISPR technology.
The objective is to summarize the advancements and applications of CRISPR-based diagnostics.

Main Methods:

CRISPR's programmable endonuclease activity is adapted for diagnostic applications.
Specific High-sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter un-LOCKing (SHERLOCK) and DNA Endonuclease Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR) enable detection of specific RNA/DNA.
Heating Unextracted Diagnostic Samples to Obliterate Nuclease (HUDSON) facilitates direct nucleotide detection in bodily fluids.

Main Results:

SHERLOCK and DETECTR can detect nucleic acids at low attomolar concentrations.
HUDSON and SHERLOCK integration allows direct RNA/DNA detection from various body fluids with minimal sample prep.
Results are achievable within 1–2 hours, with lateral flow readouts enhancing accessibility.

Conclusions:

CRISPR-based diagnostic technologies present numerous potential applications.
The technology offers high analytical sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, speed, and flexibility for diverse diagnostic needs.