Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Isolating Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells from Rodents or Humans
Published on: August 22, 2011
Middle Eastern Rhinoplasty: Relationship of the Nasal Spine and Caudal Septum to Tip Projection and Columellar-Labial
Richard L Arden1, Brett J Baldwin2, Mary P Coffey3
1Division of Otolaryngology, Beaumont Hospital Troy, Troy, Michigan, USA.
Objective:
To measure the anterior nasal spine length (ANSL) and septal caudal extension (SCE), as well as assess the strength of association between these variables and tip projection in the Middle Eastern nose. Our secondary aim was to assess if columellar-labial angle (CLA) or columellar-spinal angle (CSA) vary as a function of ANSL and/or SCE.
Study Design/Setting:
Prospective single institutional study.
Subjects:
Middle Eastern primary rhinoplasty patients without nasal trauma or prior endonasal surgical history.
Methods:
Photographic and intraoperative caliper measurements were used to determine Goode ratio (GR), CLA, CSA, ANSL, and SCE. Associations between numeric variables were examined with scatterplots, including use of LOWESS curves and Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression models were used for predicting quantitative variables (GR, CLA, CSA). Logistic regression models were used for predicting overprojection status based on GR.
Results:
In total, 102 patients met inclusion criteria (82 females, 20 males). Mean ANSL and SCE were 8.6 mm and 14.9 mm, respectively; ANSL and SCE had a strong positive association with each other. SCE and ANSL were found to have low predictability for GR, CLA, or CSA.
Conclusion:
Determinations of projection status using the GR method do not appear to be related to ANSL or SCE values in our Middle Eastern study group. Relationships of absolute columellar-labial or columellar-spinal angles are likely more complex than isolated value implications of SCE or ANSL.
Related Concept Videos
Relationship Formation
Fischer Projections
Ending Relationships
Newman Projections
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
Contact Angle
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...
Nose and Nasal Cavity

