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Noradrenergic and serotonergic receptor system function in panic disorder and depression
G R Heninger1, D S Charney, L H Price
1Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum
|January 1, 1988
Summary
This review highlights distinct neurotransmitter system dysfunctions in panic disorder and depression. Panic disorder shows alpha-2 adrenergic dysregulation, while depression involves serotonergic system subsensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Neurotransmitter systems, including adrenergic and serotonergic pathways, are implicated in mood and anxiety disorders.
- Understanding receptor system function is crucial for diagnosing and treating panic disorder and major depression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent studies on neurotransmitter agonist and antagonist administration in panic disorder and major depression.
- To elucidate presynaptic and postsynaptic receptor system function in these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Administration of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists (e.g., clonidine, yohimbine, tryptophan, MCPP).
- Assessment of patient responses to pharmacologic challenges to evaluate receptor sensitivity.
Main Results:
- Panic disorder patients exhibit hypersensitivity to alpha-2 adrenergic agents (clonidine, yohimbine) but normal responses to serotonin precursors and agonists.
- Depression patients show normal adrenergic responses, except for yohimbine supersensitivity, and neuroendocrine subsensitivity to tryptophan.
- Differential treatment responses observed: panic disorder responds to benzodiazepines, while depression does not.
Conclusions:
- Panic disorder may involve abnormal alpha-2 adrenergic regulation of the noradrenergic system.
- Depression appears linked to a subsensitive serotonergic system.
- Distinct receptor system abnormalities may underlie panic disorder and depression, influencing treatment outcomes.