Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

80.8K
Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
80.8K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.4K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
48.4K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

17.2K
This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
17.2K
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

52.4K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
52.4K
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

61.3K
Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
61.3K
Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

45.3K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
45.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Publisher Correction: The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton.

Nature·2022
Same author

The ruling engines and diffraction gratings of Henry Augustus Rowland.

Annals of science·2021
Same author

The asymmetry of antimatter in the proton.

Nature·2021
Same author

Variability in prescription opioid intake and reinforcement amongst 129 substrains.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2017
Same author

Ruling Engines, Diffraction Gratings and Wavelength Measurements before the Rowland Era.

Annals of science·2015
Same author

Diagnostic accuracy of instrumented and manual talar tilt tests in chronic ankle instability populations.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.7K

Ruling engines and diffraction gratings before Rowland: the work of Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers.

C N Brown1

  • 1a Formerly of the Science Museum , London , UK.

Annals of Science
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Before Henry Rowland, Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers pioneered diffraction grating ruling engines in the USA. Their innovative machines and distributed gratings significantly advanced spectroscopy and influenced future developments.

Keywords:
Daniel ChapmanLewis RutherfurdRuling enginesWilliam Rogersdiffraction gratings

More Related Videos

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test
06:00

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

Published on: September 17, 2021

3.1K
A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.7K
Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test
06:00

Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

Published on: September 17, 2021

3.1K
A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
08:23

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

Published on: September 30, 2019

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Spectroscopy
  • History of Science and Technology

Background:

  • Diffraction gratings are crucial optical components for spectroscopy.
  • While Henry Rowland is credited with significant advancements, earlier work on ruling engines existed.

Observation:

  • Lewis Rutherfurd, an independent astronomer, designed and built the first screw-operated ruling engine for diffraction gratings.
  • William Rogers, a Harvard astronomer, constructed ruling engines to investigate and improve grating line accuracy.

Findings:

  • Rutherfurd's engine was a precursor to most subsequent ruling engines, and his distributed gratings advanced spectroscopy.
  • Rogers' investigations into ruling errors and engine improvements indirectly aided Rowland and other builders.

Implications:

  • The work of Rutherfurd and Rogers laid essential groundwork for the development of high-quality diffraction gratings.
  • Understanding these precursors provides a more complete history of spectroscopic instrumentation and scientific progress.