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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Unintentional opioid overdose deaths in Connecticut increased nearly 500% from 1999 to 2016, representing a significant public health crisis.
  • Fatalities are linked to both illicit and pharmaceutical opioids, necessitating a nuanced understanding of their distinct epidemiological profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of fatal unintentional opioid overdoses in Connecticut, differentiating by opioid type (illicit vs. pharmaceutical).
  • To compare demographic and contextual characteristics of overdose victims based on the type of opioid involved.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) to calculate rates of unintentional opioid-related overdose deaths in Connecticut.
  • Compared demographic factors (sex, age, race, ethnicity) and contextual characteristics (substance misuse history, mental health issues) between victims of illicit and pharmaceutical opioid overdoses.

Main Results:

  • In 2016, 867 fatal unintentional opioid overdoses occurred in Connecticut, with 79.6% involving illicit opioids.
  • Victims of illicit opioid overdoses were predominantly male, aged 44 and under, and more likely to have a history of substance misuse.
  • Victims of pharmaceutical opioid overdoses showed a more even sex distribution, were mostly aged 45 and over, and more frequently had mental health diagnoses and concomitant drug use.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions to reduce opioid overdose deaths must be tailored to the specific type of opioid involved.
  • Prevention efforts for pharmaceutical opioid overdoses should focus on females and older adults.
  • Strategies addressing illicit opioid use should target younger populations.