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Related Concept Videos

Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
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Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Challenges in Developing Dry Eye Animal Models and Future Research Directions
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Author Spotlight: Challenges in Developing Dry Eye Animal Models and Future Research Directions

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Dry Eye After LASIK.

Ikuko Toda1

  • 1Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Post-LASIK dry eye, a common issue after laser eye surgery, may stem from corneal nerve damage. Newer techniques like SMILE show promise in reducing dry eye symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Surgery
  • Dry Eye Disease

Background:

  • Post-LASIK dry eye is a frequent complication following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
  • Clinical signs include ocular surface changes, reduced tear function, and decreased corneal sensitivity.
  • Symptoms typically resolve within a month, but some patients experience persistent issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms behind post-LASIK dry eye.
  • To investigate the role of corneal innervation in dry eye development.
  • To differentiate post-LASIK pain from dry eye and discuss treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs and symptoms associated with post-LASIK dry eye.
  • Comparison of dry eye incidence between LASIK and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

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Related Experiment Videos

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  • Analysis of factors contributing to persistent dry eye and ocular pain post-LASIK.

    • Main Results:

    • Corneal denervation from LASIK flap creation is a primary suspected cause of dry eye.
    • SMILE surgery demonstrates a lower incidence of dry eye compared to LASIK.
    • Flap-lifting procedures for LASIK enhancement show fewer dry eye issues, suggesting other factors are involved.

    Conclusions:

    • Corneal nerve damage significantly contributes to post-LASIK dry eye.
    • SMILE offers a potential alternative with reduced dry eye risk.
    • Management requires addressing tear film, inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction, and potentially neural sensitization.