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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Dry Friction01:30

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Drying Shrinkage01:21

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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
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Author Spotlight: Challenges in Developing Dry Eye Animal Models and Future Research Directions
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Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye.

Takefumi Yamaguchi1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|November 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic inflammation plays a key role in dry eye disease pathogenesis. Understanding this inflammatory vicious cycle is crucial for developing effective treatments to manage dry eye symptoms and ocular surface damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dry eye disease is a prevalent global ocular condition.
  • Chronic inflammation, involving immune cell infiltration and elevated cytokines, is central to dry eye pathogenesis.
  • Inflammation affects ocular tissues including lacrimal glands, Meibomian glands, cornea, and conjunctiva.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the intricate relationship between dry eye and inflammation.
  • To highlight the pivotal role of immunologic processes in the development of dry eye disease.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of recent international literature.
  • Searches included clinical trials, animal experiments, and expert reviews on the immune response in dry eye.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation is evident in multiple ocular sites in dry eye patients, including lacrimal glands, Meibomian glands, cornea, and conjunctiva.
  • Inflammatory processes contribute to ocular surface damage, such as goblet cell apoptosis, epithelial barrier disruption, and nerve damage.
  • Factors like aging, hormones, autoimmune diseases, and environmental exposures can exacerbate dry eye inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research elucidates the inflammatory pathogenesis of dry eye, conceptualized as an "inflammatory vicious cycle".
  • A comprehensive, inflammation-focused assessment of dry eye can enhance treatment selection.
  • Targeting the inflammatory cycle is key to improving clinical management of dry eye disease.