Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

6.5K
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
6.5K
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

4.3K
The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
4.3K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

57.2K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
57.2K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

11.2K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
11.2K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

40.8K
Overview
40.8K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.4K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Faecal microbiota transplant in Parkinson's disease: pilot study to establish safety & tolerability.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2025
Same author

Life goes on: Spatial heterogeneity promotes biodiversity in an urbanized coastal marine ecosystem.

Global change biology·2024
Same author

Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Parkinson's Disease: Safety and Efficacy Results From a 12-Month, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study.

Neurology and therapy·2023
Same author

Frontal lobe motor syndromes.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2023
Same author

Safety and efficacy of continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa-foscarbidopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Neurology·2022
Same author

Response to Comment on Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals.

Science advances·2021
Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Optogenetics for therapeutic use in the brain, eye, and ear.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

14.8K

Brainstem lesions and gait.

Philip D Thompson1, Thomas E Kimber1

  • 1Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brainstem is crucial for controlling posture, balance, and stepping. Advanced imaging and physiological studies are needed to better understand human brainstem disorders affecting locomotion.

Keywords:
balancebrainstemgaitposturestepping

More Related Videos

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

9.0K
Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
07:44

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

14.8K
In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

9.0K
Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
07:44

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Locomotion Research
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • The brainstem houses key structures essential for experimental locomotion models, including upright posture, balance, and stepping.
  • Physiological underpinnings of these functions are complex and interconnected.
  • Human studies on brainstem lesions affecting gait are limited by clinical observation and lesion complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations in understanding human brainstem's role in locomotion due to current study constraints.
  • To emphasize the need for advanced methodologies in studying human gait disorders related to the brainstem.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brainstem function in locomotion.
  • Discussion of challenges in clinical observation of human brainstem lesions.
  • Identification of potential advancements through new technologies.

Main Results:

  • Clinical descriptions of brainstem lesion effects on gait are often imprecise.
  • Weakness and ataxia can mask specific locomotion control disturbances.
  • Experimental models provide insights but direct human correlation is difficult.

Conclusions:

  • Current methods limit precise understanding of brainstem's role in human gait and posture.
  • Sophisticated brain imaging and physiological studies are essential for progress.
  • Advances in these areas may significantly improve diagnosis and treatment of human gait disorders linked to the brainstem.