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Related Concept Videos

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets
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Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

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Title.

T L Poon1, C Ht Lui2, I Chan3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-resistant epilepsy affects 30% of patients. Early referral to specialized epilepsy centers for presurgical evaluation is crucial for determining suitability for epilepsy surgery.

Keywords:
Drug resistant epilepsyEpidemiologyEpilepsy/pathologyEpilepsy/surgeryPreoperative care

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Epilepsy is defined as drug-resistant after failure of two adequate antiepileptic drug trials.
  • Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients have drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Treatment failure can stem from misdiagnosis, poor adherence, or lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early referral for drug-resistant epilepsy patients to tertiary epilepsy centers.
  • To outline the essential assessments for presurgical evaluation.
  • To highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary consensus for recommending epilepsy surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive neurophysiology assessments.
  • Structural neuroimaging studies.
  • Neuropsychological and psychiatric evaluations.

Main Results:

  • These comprehensive assessments are vital for determining surgical candidacy.
  • Epilepsy surgery (resection, disconnection, neuromodulation) is considered.
  • Multidisciplinary consensus is mandatory before recommending surgical interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Early referral and thorough presurgical evaluation are key for managing drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Epilepsy surgery is a viable option for select patients.
  • A collaborative approach ensures optimal patient outcomes.