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Older adults exhibit wider sulcal morphology compared to middle-aged individuals, with these brain changes linked to both local and global cortical volumes, offering insights into brain aging.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Brain Morphology

Background:

  • Sulcal morphology changes with age.
  • Understanding age-related brain structure differences is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sulcal morphology between middle-aged (MA) and older (OA) healthy adults.
  • To investigate associations between age-related sulcal changes and local/global cortical volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sulcal width in MA (N=403, 44-50 years) and OA (N=390, 64-70 years) participants from the PATH study.
  • Correlation analysis between sulcal characteristics and regional/whole-brain cortical volumes.

Main Results:

  • Sulci were 17.3% wider in OA than MA individuals, most notably in the left superior frontal sulcus.
  • Differences in superior frontal and central sulci width correlated with local gyrical volumes.
  • Lateral and superior temporal sulci width differences correlated with whole-brain cortical volume.
  • Sex differences observed, with greater sulcal width differences in males.

Conclusions:

  • Sulcal morphology provides unique insights into age-related changes in brain structure.
  • Age-related sulcal widening is associated with both local and global cortical volume alterations.
  • Sulcal characteristics can serve as biomarkers for brain aging.