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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Mesenchymal stem cell dysfunction in diabetes.

Arman Fijany1, Lohrasb R Sayadi1, Nima Khoshab1

  • 1UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA.

Molecular Biology Reports
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for diabetes mellitus (DM) complications. However, DM impairs MSC function through molecular changes affecting blood vessel formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell growth.

Keywords:
DiabetesDysfunctionMSCMesenchymal stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with systemic complications.
  • Stem cell-based therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are investigated for DM management due to their immunomodulatory and differentiation potential.
  • Understanding functional deficits in MSCs from DM patients is crucial for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and categorize the molecular deficits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetes mellitus (DM) models.
  • To review existing literature on MSC dysfunction in the context of DM.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database.
  • Inclusion criteria were applied to 1826 retrieved articles, resulting in 33 studies for review.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are compromised in both Type 1 and Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) models.
  • Four major molecular categories of MSC dysfunction were identified: altered angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, dysregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, increased oxidative stress, and impaired cellular differentiation and proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying specific molecular deficits in MSCs from DM patients is essential.
  • This knowledge will aid in evaluating the efficacy of biologic therapies aimed at reversing these dysfunctions for treating diabetic complications.