Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
07:23
Electroporation of Craniofacial Mesenchyme
Published on: November 28, 2011
12.5K
Associations between mandibular symphysis form and craniofacial structures
Yolanda Gómez1, Verónica García-Sanz2, Natalia Zamora1
1Orthodontics Department, University of Valencia, Clínica Odontológica UV, C/Gascó Oliag no. 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
Oral Radiology
|November 29, 2018
Summary
Mandibular symphysis morphology shows limited dependence on sex, incisor position, or skeletal class alone. Combined analysis of vertical pattern and skeletal class reveals more significant relationships in symphysis shape.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Orthodontics
- Anthropology
Background:
- The mandibular symphysis is a key anatomical region influencing facial aesthetics and function.
- Understanding its morphology in relation to craniofacial patterns is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze relationships between mandibular symphysis characteristics and facial pattern, skeletal class, lower incisor position, and sex.
- To determine associations between symphysis soft tissue dimensions and underlying osseous structures.
Main Methods:
- Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 385 patients were analyzed.
- Mandibular symphysis measurements were taken using Invivo5 software.
- Patients were classified by skeletal class and vertical facial pattern; lower incisor inclination was recorded.
Main Results:
- Symphyseal measurements were larger in males. Skeletal Class II and III hyperdivergent patients had the highest symphysis height.
- Hypodivergent individuals showed lower symphysis convexity angles; concavity was greater in Class II hyperdivergent patients.
- Lower incisor inclination correlated positively with symphysis concavity and inclination; hard and soft tissue correlations were moderate to weak.
Conclusions:
- Mandibular symphysis morphology is minimally influenced by sex, incisor position, or skeletal class individually.
- Combined analysis of vertical pattern and skeletal class revealed more significant relationships.
- Symphysis soft tissue shape does not directly correlate with underlying skeletal structures.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
01:27Associative Learning
1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
7.5K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.5K
01:23Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
2.7K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
2.7K
01:11Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
15.7K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
15.7K
02:34Structural Isomerism
21.7K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
21.7K