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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Mechanistically Distinct Role for Muse Cells.

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Isolation of SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells in Canine and Feline Adipose Tissues.

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Muse Cells Are Endogenous Reparative Stem Cells.

Yoshihiro Kushida1, Shohei Wakao1, Mari Dezawa2

  • 1Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multipotent progenitor cells (Muse cells) uniquely respond to tissue injury by migrating to damaged sites and differentiating into needed cell types. These remarkable stem cells promote significant functional and structural recovery through multiple reparative mechanisms.

Keywords:
AllograftAnti-fibrosisAnti-inflammationHomingImmunosuppressionIntravenous injectionMigrationParacrine effectRepairSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Cellular dynamics

Background:

  • Multipotent progenitor cells (Muse cells) circulate at low levels in steady states, originating from bone marrow and supplying connective tissues.
  • Muse cells exhibit unique dynamics and actions during physical crises compared to other stem cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the in vivo reparative mechanisms of Muse cells following tissue damage.
  • To understand the mobilization, homing, and differentiation processes of Muse cells at injury sites.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of Muse cell mobilization to peripheral blood after acute myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • Analysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway in Muse cell homing to damaged tissues.
  • Assessment of Muse cell differentiation into tissue-compatible cells and their pleiotropic effects.

Main Results:

  • Muse cells dramatically increase in peripheral blood within 24 hours of tissue injury.
  • Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 mediates preferential homing of Muse cells to injury sites.
  • Muse cells differentiate into functional cells, exhibiting paracrine, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Muse cells are highly mobilized to sites of tissue damage and possess potent regenerative capabilities.
  • The combined effects of Muse cell differentiation and paracrine actions lead to synergistic, long-lasting tissue repair and recovery.