[Major neurological complications of genitourinary cancers]

Genitourinary cancers constitute a heterogeneous and increasingly frequent group of malignant tumors that have the potential to derive directly, or indirectly from the treatment applied, in a series of neurological complications that negatively impact on the quality of life of the patients who suffer them.

To report the most relevant data on the main neurological complications of genitourinary cancers.

We conducted a PubMed search for articles, latest books, leading clinical practice guidelines, and scientific societies, regarding the appearance of such complications.

Neurological complications of genitourinary cancers generate a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. In a paradoxical manner, owing to the raised survival of these patients, the likelihood of metastatization at the nervous system level and/or adverse effects related to the treatment received, especially due to chemotherapy, is also increased. Currently, diagnosis and management of neurological complications associated with genitourinary cancers represent a very important area of growing interest for the development of research projects that allow to improve the prognosis and quality of life genitourinary cancers subjects and their relatives and/or caregivers. For this purpose, it is necessary to know more about the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology that leads to the occurrence of these type of complications in genitourinary cancers individuals, in particular paraneoplastic syndromes. Moreover, on the other hand, to carry out further well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials that expand the therapeutic arsenal with new chemotherapeutic drugs that possess a better antineoplastic effectiveness and improve the safety related to the neurotoxic side effects.