Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

Area of Science:

• Craniofacial surgery
• Orthodontics
• Medical imaging

Background:

• Facial soft tissue anomalies in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients are complex and require advanced imaging.
• Traditional 2D methods are insufficient for detailed 3D analysis of these deformities.
• Understanding craniofacial and soft tissue variations is crucial for treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze soft tissue and craniofacial characteristics in patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), skeletal Class III, and skeletal Class I malocclusions.
• To compare these characteristics using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging.
• To evaluate the utility of 3D imaging in assessing facial deformities.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective study of 158 patients (aged 8-32 years) with UCLP (n=29), BCLP (n=22), skeletal Class III (n=54), and skeletal Class I (n=53).
• 3D stereophotogrammetric soft-tissue recordings were analyzed.
• Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in linear, angular, proportional, and volumetric measurements were found among the groups.
• Nasal deformities and reduced upper-lip projection were common in CLP groups.
• Class III patients exhibited more prominent lower lips and chins, with increased facial convexity.
• Decreased upper-lip volume was observed in BCLP, UCLP, and Class III groups.

Conclusions:

• Skeletal Class III and CLP anomalies present distinct soft-tissue characteristics compared to Class I malocclusions.
• 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging is an effective, noninvasive tool for examining and recording facial deformities.
• Volumetric measurements can be accurately obtained using this 3D imaging technique.