Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

31.8K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
31.8K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments02:46

Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments

51.9K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
51.9K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

17.9K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
17.9K
Statistical Significance01:50

Statistical Significance

21.8K
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
21.8K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures03:34

Uncertainty in Measurement: Significant Figures

81.8K
All the digits in a measurement, including the uncertain last digit, are called significant figures or significant digits. Note that zero may be a measured value; for example, if a scale that shows weight to the nearest pound reads “140,” then the 1 (hundreds), 4 (tens), and 0 (ones) are all significant (measured) values.
81.8K
Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

1.7K
In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Do Human Fetuses Form Long-Lasting Chemosensory Memories? Longitudinal Follow-Up From Fetus to Young Child of Facial Responses to Flavor/Odor Stimuli.

Developmental psychobiology·2026
Same author

Application of Blood Smears for the Identification of Non-exposed Individuals after a Nuclear Incident.

Radiation research·2026
Same author

Case Report: The Limited Value of Dicentric Analysis in Cases of Suspected Overexposure to a Low X-ray Dose.

Radiation research·2026
Same author

Ba-Sr-V as Geogenic and Traffic Tracers in Paediatric Hair from Urban-Industrial Spain, with Co-Located Topsoil Vanadium.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Challenges and potential solutions for radiation protection research infrastructures.

Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection·2026
Same author

COBT: a gene-based rare variant burden test for case-only study designs using aggregated genotypes from public reference cohorts.

Genome medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

5.4K

A statistical framework for radiation dose estimation with uncertainty quantification from the γ-H2AX assay.

Jochen Einbeck1, Elizabeth A Ainsbury2, Rachel Sales1

  • 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The gamma-H2AX focus assay is a reliable biomarker for ionizing radiation exposure. This study provides statistical models and a web applet for accurate dose estimation, addressing practical use limitations.

More Related Videos

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.5K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

5.4K
Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.5K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers
  • Radiation Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The gamma-H2AX focus assay measures DNA double-strand breaks.
  • It shows promise as a biomarker for ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Widespread adoption is limited by modeling and implementation challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To standardize dose-response modeling for the gamma-H2AX assay.
  • To provide statistical methods for calibration and dose estimation.
  • To develop a practical implementation of these methods.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical modeling for calibration curve estimation.
  • Dose estimation techniques based on established models.
  • Development of a web applet for practical application.

Main Results:

  • Explicit statistical models for dose-response and uncertainty quantification are presented.
  • A functional web applet implementing the methods is available.
  • The study addresses key limitations hindering the assay's practical use.

Conclusions:

  • The provided models and tools facilitate reliable dose estimation using the gamma-H2AX assay.
  • This work aims to enhance the assay's acceptance as a standard biomarker for radiation exposure.
  • Standardized methods and accessible tools are crucial for biomarker validation.