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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

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Serum Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 as a Biomarker for Incident Dementia: The Hisayama

Tomoyuki Ohara1,2, Jun Hata2,3,4, Masashi Tanaka5

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.

Annals of Neurology
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Higher serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) levels are linked to an increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, in older Japanese adults.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) is a marker of microglial activation.
  • Microglial activation is implicated in neurodegenerative processes.
  • The relationship between sTREM2 and dementia risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between serum sTREM2 levels and the risk of developing dementia.
  • To determine if sTREM2 levels predict the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 1,349 Japanese community residents aged 60+ without dementia.
  • Serum sTREM2 levels were measured and categorized into quartiles.
  • Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess dementia risk over a 10-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • Higher quartiles of serum sTREM2 were significantly associated with an increased incidence of all-cause dementia, AD, and VaD.
  • Individuals in the highest sTREM2 quartile had a 2.03-fold higher risk of all-cause dementia, 1.62-fold for AD, and 2.85-fold for VaD compared to the lowest quartile.
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum sTREM2 levels are a significant risk factor for developing dementia, including AD and VaD, in the elderly Japanese population.
  • sTREM2 may serve as a potential biomarker for dementia risk assessment.

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