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Bilingual infants excel at foreign-language talker recognition.

Natalie Fecher1, Elizabeth K Johnson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.

Developmental Science
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Nine-month-old bilingual infants successfully learned to identify female speakers by matching faces to voices, unlike their monolingual peers. This suggests early bilingualism may enhance attention to non-linguistic speech cues, like talker identity.

Keywords:
bilingualismcognitive developmentinfant speech perceptionlanguage acquisitiontalker recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Infant Speech Perception
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Infants process linguistic and non-linguistic speech aspects differently based on language exposure.
  • Previous research highlights differences in linguistic processing between bilingual and monolingual infants.
  • The impact of bilingualism on processing non-linguistic speech cues, such as talker identity, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether 9-month-old infants' bilingualism influences their ability to process non-linguistic speech cues.
  • To determine if bilingual infants can learn to associate faces with voices of unfamiliar native speakers.
  • To explore potential mechanisms underlying differences in non-linguistic speech cue processing.

Main Methods:

  • A face-voice matching task was employed with 9-month-old Canadian monolingual and bilingual infants.
  • Participants were tested on their ability to learn to identify native Spanish-speaking females.
  • Neither group had prior exposure to the Spanish language before the study.

Main Results:

  • Bilingual infants demonstrated success in learning the face-voice pairings.
  • Monolingual infants did not succeed in learning the face-voice pairings.
  • This indicates a difference in processing non-linguistic speech cues between the two groups.

Conclusions:

  • Infant bilingualism may enhance perceptual attentiveness to talker-specific speech cues, even in unfamiliar languages.
  • Early bilingualism might delay perceptual narrowing related to language-specific talker recognition.
  • This study provides the first evidence that infant multilingualism impacts the processing of non-linguistic speech signals, including talker identity.