Fast-Response Fluorogenic Probe for Visualizing Hypochlorite in Living Cells and in Zebrafish.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Chemical Biology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Hypochlorite (ClO-) is a reactive oxygen species involved in various biological processes.
• Accurate and rapid detection of hypochlorite is crucial for understanding its role in health and disease.
• Existing detection methods often lack sensitivity, selectivity, or real-time monitoring capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel fluorogenic probe (D1) for sensitive and selective detection of hypochlorite.
• To evaluate the probe's performance in various conditions, including low temperatures and biological samples.
• To demonstrate the probe's utility for in vitro and in vivo imaging of hypochlorite.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis and characterization of the fluorogenic probe D1.
• Investigation of the probe's response mechanism to hypochlorite, involving C=N bond cleavage.
• Assessment of probe selectivity, sensitivity, response time, and operational temperature range.
• In vitro detection in urine and intracellular hypochlorite detection using confocal microscopy.
• In vivo fluorescence imaging of hypochlorite in zebrafish.

Main Results:

• Probe D1 exhibits a linear response to hypochlorite with a fluorescence enhancement of approximately 25-fold.
• The probe provides naked-eye detectable results within 10 seconds, demonstrating high selectivity and sensitivity.
• D1 successfully detects hypochlorite in urine and functions at temperatures as low as -78°C.
• Biocompatibility allows for intracellular hypochlorite detection and in vivo imaging in zebrafish.

Conclusions:

• Compound D1 is a highly effective fluorogenic probe for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of hypochlorite.
• Its broad applicability, including extreme temperatures and biological systems, makes it a valuable tool.
• D1 facilitates real-time monitoring of hypochlorite in vitro and in vivo, offering new possibilities for biomedical research.