Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Yield01:31

ATP Yield

78.9K
Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
78.9K
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

6.4K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
6.4K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

198.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
198.4K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

137.8K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
137.8K
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

4.8K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
4.8K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

112.2K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
112.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sampling of natural speech for the assessment of psychopathology: data collection procedure and inter-rater reliability.

Psychiatry research·2025
Same author

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder.

Psychological medicine·2021
Same author

A mycobacterial ABC transporter mediates the uptake of hydrophilic compounds.

Nature·2020
Same author

Surveillance summary of hospitalized pediatric enterovirus D68 cases in Canada, September 2014.

Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada·2019
Same author

Observed psychopathology in offspring of parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Psychological medicine·2019
Same author

Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices in preventing influenza virus infection in the community setting: A systematic review.

Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis
08:09

Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis

Published on: January 7, 2017

11.2K

ECF-Type ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters.

S Rempel1, W K Stanek1, D J Slotboom1,2

  • 1Gr oningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; email: s.r.rempel@rug.nl , w.k.stanek@rug.nl , d.j.slotboom@rug.nl.

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Energy-coupling factor (ECF)-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters move micronutrients in prokaryotes. Their unique mechanism, involving S-components, differs from other ABC transporters and offers insights into membrane protein dynamics.

Keywords:
ABC transporterATP-binding cassette transporterATP-driven transportECF-typeenergy-coupling factor typemechanism of transportmembrane transportprokaryotic vitamin uptake

More Related Videos

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.5K
Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein
14:32

Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Published on: January 28, 2013

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis
08:09

Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis

Published on: January 7, 2017

11.2K
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

31.5K
Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein
14:32

Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Published on: January 28, 2013

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Energy-coupling factor (ECF)-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial for micronutrient uptake in prokaryotes.
  • ECF transporters exhibit unique mechanisms distinct from other ABC transport systems.
  • Small integral membrane subunits (S-components) are key to ECF transporter function, predicted to undergo conformational changes during transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the phylogenetic diversity of ECF transporters.
  • To discuss recent structural and biochemical advancements in understanding ECF transporter mechanisms.
  • To explore the impact of lipid composition on ECF transporter function.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of ECF transporter families.
  • Review of existing crystal structures and biochemical data.
  • Analysis of structural data concerning lipid bilayer interactions.

Main Results:

  • ECF transporters utilize a distinct mechanism involving S-components, potentially differing from canonical ABC transporters.
  • Two mechanistic models, the power stroke and thermal ratchet, have been proposed for ECF transporters.
  • Lipid composition and bilayer structure significantly influence transporter function.

Conclusions:

  • ECF transporters represent a unique class of membrane transporters with novel mechanisms.
  • Further study of ECF transporters can provide broader insights into membrane protein structure, dynamics, and interactions.
  • Understanding ECF transporters can advance knowledge in prokaryotic nutrient transport and membrane biology.