Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

1.0K
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
1.0K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

1.1K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.1K
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

507
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
507
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

888
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
888
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

566
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
566
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

3.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Underpinning the impact of in-vehicle distractions on driving performance in Australia.

Journal of safety research·2026
Same author

Newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension following liver transplantation: Insights from a multicenter case series.

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2026
Same author

Association of pancreatic steatosis with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis using magnetic resonance imaging.

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]·2025
Same author

Management of the Acute Liver Failure Patient and the Role of Liver Transplantation.

Transplantation·2025
Same author

Patients' Experiences of Atopic Dermatitis and Nemolizumab Treatment: An In-Trial Interview Study Embedded in a Phase 3 Clinical Trial (ARCADIA).

The patient·2025
Same author

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following liver transplantation: A multicenter cohort study.

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.2K

Acute Liver Failure.

Priyanka Rajaram1, Ram Subramanian1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|November 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute liver failure (ALF) requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent multiorgan failure. This review covers ALF causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies, including liver transplantation considerations.

More Related Videos

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.0K
Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
10:45

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Published on: May 25, 2017

15.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure
16:19

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

Published on: September 13, 2014

13.2K
Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
09:44

Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

Published on: November 27, 2019

11.0K
Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish
10:45

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Published on: May 25, 2017

15.2K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function.
  • ALF can progress to multiorgan failure, necessitating urgent medical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of acute liver failure.
  • To review common etiologies, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for ALF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common ALF etiologies (acetaminophen overdose, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis).
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria, laboratory tests, and imaging modalities for ALF.
  • Review of management principles for hepatic and extrahepatic organ dysfunction in ALF.

Main Results:

  • Identified key etiologies contributing to ALF.
  • Outlined essential diagnostic tools for recognizing ALF.
  • Detailed management strategies for organ dysfunction and prognostication.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and diagnosis are crucial for effective ALF management.
  • Multidisciplinary management addressing organ dysfunction is key.
  • Liver transplantation remains a critical option for select ALF patients.