Development and Validation of the Return and Disposal of Unused Medications Questionnaire (ReDiUM) in Malaysia
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
Published on: May 19, 2020
Si Mui Sim1, Pauline Siew Mei Lai2, Kit Mun Tan3
11 Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract:
The aim of our study was to develop and validate the return and disposal of unused medications (ReDiUM), as there are currently no validated tools available (worldwide) to assess this. The ReDiUM was developed by an expert panel. It was then administered to community-dwelling adults, who could understand English, at baseline and 2 weeks later. A total of 338/354 participants agreed to participate (response rate = 95.4%). Flesch reading ease was 60. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.703 (range = 0.609-0.762). At test-retest, κ values ranged from 0.244 to 0.523. Median total knowledge score was 60% (interquartile range = 40% to 70%). The majority of participants (94.4%) knew that improper drug disposal has harmful effects on the environment. However, their knowledge was low (11.2%) regarding the disposal of pressurized metered-dose inhalers in the garbage. The ReDiUM was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice on the ReDiUM in Malaysia.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Return
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system...
Reliability and Validity
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation
Inhaled Medications
Data Validation
Key parameters for method validation include:
Data Validation
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...

