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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Detection of Extravascular Trypanosoma Parasites by Fine Needle Aspiration
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Fine needle aspirates comprehensively sample intrahepatic immunity.

Upkar S Gill1, Laura J Pallett2, Niclas Thomas2

  • 1Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Gut
|November 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Liver fine needle aspirates (FNAs) effectively capture the local immune landscape and viable hepatocytes for HBV research. This less invasive method aids in monitoring liver health and optimizing new HBV therapies.

Keywords:
HBV-specific T cellsfine needle aspiratehepatitis B virushepatocytesintrahepatic-immune monitoringliver biopsytissue-resident immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Immunology
  • Virology
  • Minimally Invasive Diagnostics

Background:

  • Therapeutic strategies for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) cure require detailed evaluation of the local immune response at the infection site.
  • Understanding compartmentalized virological and immunological changes is crucial for refining HBV treatment pipelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of liver fine needle aspirates (FNAs) for comprehensive sampling of the intrahepatic immune landscape.
  • To assess the ability of FNAs to collect viable hepatocytes alongside immune cells for parallel analysis.
  • To compare FNA sampling with traditional liver biopsies for HBV research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of matched blood, liver biopsy, and FNA samples from 28 HBV-infected and 15 non-infected patients.
  • Utilized 16-colour multiparameter flow cytometry to analyze immune cell populations.
  • Developed a scoring tool to assess FNA sample reliability for intrahepatic populations.

Main Results:

  • FNA-identified immune cell proportions (CD4 T, CD8 T, MAIT, NK, B cells) correlated with liver biopsy findings.
  • Identified tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells and liver-resident NK cells in FNAs, which were absent in blood.
  • Detected HBV-specific T cells in FNAs at frequencies comparable to biopsies and enriched compared to blood.
  • Simultaneously identified myeloid cells and viable hepatocytes expressing albumin, SR-B1, and PD-L1 via FNA.

Conclusions:

  • FNAs successfully identify diverse intrahepatic immune cells, including HBV-specific T cells and NK cells, and PD-L1-expressing hepatocytes.
  • This less invasive technique provides broad profiling, suitable for longitudinal liver monitoring.
  • FNAs offer a rapid and effective alternative for optimizing new HBV therapies.