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The Superior Function of the Subplate in Early Neocortical Development
Heiko J Luhmann1, Sergei Kirischuk1, Werner Kilb1
1Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|November 30, 2018
Summary
Subplate neurons (SPNs) are crucial for early brain development, organizing cortical structure and function. Their transient nature and vulnerability impact neurological disorders, highlighting their importance in development and disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Subplate neurons (SPNs) are transient cells critical for organizing cerebral cortex development.
- SPNs exhibit diverse molecular, morphological, and electrophysiological characteristics.
- They form key connections, including the first thalamocortical inputs, and are active in early development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of subplate neuron functions during early brain development.
- To explore the role of SPNs in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
- To synthesize current knowledge on SPN contributions to cortical organization and plasticity.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing literature on subplate neurons.
- It integrates findings from molecular, morphological, and electrophysiological studies.
- The review examines SPN roles in normal development and disease contexts.
Main Results:
- SPNs are diverse and mature early, playing pivotal roles in neocortical activity, development, and plasticity.
- They are activated by sensory input and form crucial synaptic connections.
- SPNs undergo programmed cell death but their altered survival can link to neurological disorders.
Conclusions:
- Subplate neurons are essential for establishing cortical structure and function during early development.
- Their transient nature and specific vulnerabilities are relevant to brain injury and neurological conditions.
- Understanding SPNs offers insights into developmental processes and potential therapeutic targets.
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