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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: contemporary aspects of diagnosis and patient management

Fernando Macaya1, Pablo Salinas1, Nieves Gonzalo1

  • 1Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.

Open Heart
|November 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a key cause of heart attacks, particularly in younger women. This review clarifies SCAD

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an emergent cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
  • SCAD predominantly affects young to middle-aged women, distinguishing it from typical atherosclerotic disease.
  • Accurate identification and management require understanding SCAD's unique characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
  • To provide practical diagnostic and management recommendations for SCAD.
  • To differentiate SCAD from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of spontaneous coronary artery dissection.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and imaging modalities for SCAD.
  • Synthesis of evidence for acute and convalescent phase management strategies.

Main Results:

  • SCAD presents unique clinical and angiographic features compared to atherosclerosis.
  • Early recognition is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment are evolving.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection requires specific diagnostic and management approaches.
  • Distinguishing SCAD from atherosclerotic disease is critical for optimal outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to refine treatment protocols for SCAD patients.

Keywords:
coronary angiographycoronary artery diseaseinterventional cardiologyperipheral vascular disease

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