Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii

Ionic Radii

Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...

Ionic Bonds

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Elucidating the Role of Tetraethylammonium in the Silicate Condensation Reaction from <i>Ab Initio</i> Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2020

Same author

Enhanced lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters using supersaturated sugar solution in ionic liquids.

Enzyme and microbial technology·2019

Same author

Separation characteristics of hydrophilic ionic liquids from ionic liquids-water solution by ultrasonic atomization.

Ultrasonics sonochemistry·2019

Same author

AFOB Summer Forum - A 'Davos Forum' for Asian Biotechnology.

Biotechnology journal·2018

Same author

Aspergillus niger whole-cell catalyzed synthesis of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in ionic liquids.

Enzyme and microbial technology·2018

Same author

Introduction: Ionic Liquids.

Chemical reviews·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in Ionic Liquids.

Ngoc Lan Mai¹, Yoon-Mo Koo²

¹Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

|November 30, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Whole-cell biocatalysis in ionic liquids (ILs) offers advantages like in situ cofactor regeneration. This chapter explores IL-whole cell interactions and applications in producing valuable compounds via various reactions.

Keywords:

Biocatalysis Biocompatibility Ionic liquid Toxicity Whole-cell

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 10, 2016

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Green Chemistry
Biocatalysis

Background:

Whole-cell biocatalysis is gaining traction in ionic liquid (IL) systems.
It offers advantages over isolated enzymes, including natural intracellular environments and in situ cofactor regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the interaction mechanisms between ILs and whole-cell catalysts.
To highlight applications of whole-cell biocatalysis in IL-containing systems.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on whole-cell biocatalysis in ILs.
Analysis of interaction mechanisms between ILs and cellular components.
Case studies of IL-mediated biotransformations using whole cells.

Main Results:

ILs can be effectively integrated with whole-cell biotransformation processes.
Whole-cell biocatalysis in ILs facilitates the production of valuable compounds through reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis, and transesterification.
Understanding IL-biocatalyst interactions is key to optimizing these systems.

Conclusions:

Whole-cell biocatalysis in ILs presents a promising strategy for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Further research into IL-cell interactions can unlock new applications and enhance efficiency.