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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is a crucial tool in the analysis of discrete-time systems, but its convergence is limited to specific values of the complex variable z. This range of values, known as the Region of Convergence (ROC), is fundamental in determining the behavior and stability of a system or signal. The ROC defines the region in the complex plane where the z-transform converges, which can take various...
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Regional Terms01:12

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Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

The Role of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Navigation
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The Role of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Complex Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Navigation

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Regional cost analysis for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Elizabeth M Pontarelli1, Gary G Grinberg2, Richard S Isaacs3

  • 1Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento, 6600 Bruceville Rd., Sacramento, CA, 95823, USA. Elizabeth.m.pontarelli@kp.org.

Surgical Endoscopy
|November 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Using reusable instruments for laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly cuts costs without impacting operative time or patient outcomes. This approach offers substantial savings for healthcare systems and nationwide.

Keywords:
CostInstrumentLaparoscopic cholecystectomyUtilization

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Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Hemihepatectomy via the In Situ Anterior Approach
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Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Health Economics
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a prevalent general surgery procedure in the US, with ~600,000 performed annually.
  • Rising healthcare costs necessitate evaluating utilization and quality of common surgical procedures.
  • The study addresses the need to understand cost variations in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the cost of laparoscopic cholecystectomy within a specific health system.
  • To compare operative times and patient outcomes between high-cost and low-cost surgical centers.
  • To identify cost-saving opportunities in laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 7601 laparoscopic cholecystectomies across 20 hospitals over one year.
  • Collected operating room supply costs and procedure durations for each hospital.
  • Compared American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data with hospital costs.

Main Results:

  • Average cost per case varied from $296 to $658, with no correlation to operative time or case volume.
  • No significant differences in postoperative complications were observed between high- and low-cost centers.
  • Significant cost reduction is achievable by transitioning to reusable surgical instruments, estimating over $300 savings per case.

Conclusions:

  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed cost-effectively using reusable instruments.
  • Adopting reusable instruments does not compromise operative efficiency or patient safety.
  • Potential for substantial cost savings exists for healthcare systems and nationwide by optimizing instrument utilization.