Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Symptoms and Signs at Initial Presentations

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Immunology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting multiple organ systems.
• SLE pathogenesis involves microvascular inflammation and auto-antibody production.
• SLE affects diverse populations globally, with limited epidemiological data from Middle Eastern countries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the incidence and prevalence of SLE in Oman.
• To document the initial symptoms and signs of SLE patients in Oman.
• To contribute to the understanding of SLE epidemiology in the Middle East.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of medical records of SLE patients at the Royal Hospital (2006-2014).
• Diagnosis confirmed using American College of Rheumatology (ACR97) criteria.
• Analysis of demographic data and presenting clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

• A total of 966 SLE patients were identified; 88.7% were female, with a mean age of 27.6 years at presentation.
• Common symptoms included fatigue (35.22%), arthralgia (68.75%), and myalgia (55.65%).
• Cutaneous manifestations like hair loss (39.29%) and malar rash (37.69%) were frequently observed.

Conclusions:

• This study provides the first comprehensive overview of initial SLE presentation in Oman.
• Observed SLE manifestations may be influenced by genetic factors or referral patterns.
• Highlights the need for nationwide and regional collaboration for SLE management and strategic planning.