Seasonal Variation in the Emergency Department Prevalence Of Sepsis

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Sepsis and severe sepsis incidence and mortality are known to be highest during winter months in hospitalized patients.
• Understanding seasonal variations in emergency department (ED) sepsis prevalence is crucial for healthcare resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify the seasonal variation in the prevalence of sepsis among emergency department patients.
• To compare the prevalence of uncomplicated sepsis and severe sepsis or septic shock between summer and winter.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study design was employed, with data collected over two distinct four-week periods (summer and winter).
• Retrospective screening of clinical records for all ED patients during the study periods.
• Patients were categorized based on established criteria for "uncomplicated" sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of "uncomplicated" sepsis was significantly higher in winter (43.9 per 1000) compared to summer (30.7 per 1000).
• Severe sepsis or septic shock prevalence was also elevated in winter (17.7 per 1000) versus summer (11.7 per 1000).
• These findings quantitatively demonstrate a higher ED burden of sepsis during the winter season.

Conclusions:

• Emergency departments experience a greater prevalence of sepsis and severe sepsis during winter months.
• The study provides quantitative evidence supporting seasonal healthcare planning and resource allocation adjustments for sepsis management.