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Lexical frequency in animal naming tasks may identify Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Higher lexical frequency in older African Americans carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele suggests potential as an early AD biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Early identification of cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial.
  • Semantic networks, affected early in AD, can be assessed through category fluency tests.
  • Lexical frequency within verbal output may offer insights into semantic network integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate lexical frequency of animal fluency output as a cognitive marker for AD risk.
  • To determine if lexical frequency differentiates apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers from noncarriers in cognitively normal older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 230 cognitively normal African Americans.
  • Analysis of animal fluency performance, including mean number of items and mean lexical frequency.
  • Comparison between individuals with and without the APOE ε4 allele.

Main Results:

  • Mean lexical frequency was significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers compared to noncarriers.
  • No significant difference was found in the number of animal items produced between groups.
  • Lexical frequency showed particular sensitivity to APOE ε4 status after the initial 10 seconds of the fluency task.

Conclusions:

  • Psycholinguistic features, such as lexical frequency, show promise as cognitive biomarkers for AD risk.
  • Lexical frequency may aid in identifying individuals at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings in diverse populations.