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The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
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Paternal depression and child externalizing behaviors: A meta-analysis.

Kristene Cheung1, Jennifer Theule1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba.

Journal of Family Psychology : JFP : Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)
|November 30, 2018
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Summary

Paternal depression shows a small association with child externalizing behaviors. This updated meta-analysis highlights the need for clinicians to consider child behavioral issues when fathers experience depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Maternal depression is linked to child externalizing behaviors, but paternal depression's impact is less clear.
  • Existing research on paternal depression and child externalizing behaviors yields inconsistent findings.
  • An updated meta-analysis is needed due to the outdated nature of previous reviews.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an updated meta-analysis on the association between paternal depression and child externalizing behaviors.
  • To synthesize quantitative data from published and unpublished studies to clarify this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on 52 articles (published and unpublished).
  • Quantitative data comparing paternal depression symptoms and child externalizing behaviors were analyzed.
  • Statistical methods were used to determine the overall effect size and explore potential moderators.

Main Results:

  • A small but statistically significant positive relationship was found between paternal depression and child externalizing behaviors (r = .15).
  • Child gender was initially identified as a moderator, with higher effect sizes in studies with more boys, but this was not robust after outlier removal.
  • One outlier article was identified and removed, which impacted the significance of the child gender moderator.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal depression is associated with child externalizing behaviors, though the effect size is small.
  • Clinicians should be aware of potential co-occurring child externalizing behaviors in families with depressed fathers.
  • Further research and clinical attention are warranted to understand and address this paternal depression-child behavior link.