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Musculoskeletal manifestations in pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Developing country

Debrup Chakladar1, Rakesh K Mondal1, Tapas Kumar Sabui1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Medicine, Kolkata Medical College, Kolkata, India.

European Journal of Rheumatology
|November 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Musculoskeletal issues are common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), affecting over 11%. These problems, including joint and muscle pain, are more frequent in those with advanced HIV and malnutrition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal manifestations contribute to significant morbidity in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Limited studies exist on rheumatological manifestations in pediatric HIV patients, particularly in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).
  • The full spectrum of musculoskeletal issues in pediatric HIV remains to be established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and spectrum of musculoskeletal manifestations in children infected with HIV.
  • To identify factors associated with increased frequency of these manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.
  • Involved 517 children aged 3-19 years infected with HIV.
  • Utilized the pediatric gait, arm, leg, spine (pGALS) screening protocol, followed by detailed examination and 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Main Results:

  • Musculoskeletal manifestations were observed in 11.2% of the study population.
  • The most common non-infective manifestations were arthralgia (5.22%) and myalgia (3.29%).
  • Infective manifestations occurred in 2.12%. Factors associated with increased frequency included malnutrition, advanced HIV stage (WHO clinical stage 4), lower CD4 count, and longer disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Musculoskeletal manifestations are frequent in children with HIV.
  • Further multicentric studies are needed for a comprehensive understanding and better delineation of these conditions in pediatric HIV patients.
Abstract

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