Early postoperative intraocular pressure elevation following cataract surgery
Andrzej Grzybowski1,2, Piotr Kanclerz3
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn.
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|November 30, 2018
Summary
Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after cataract surgery are common. High-risk patients may benefit from combined topical medications like dorzolamide/timolol and brinzolamide.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Surgical Complications
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a frequent complication following cataract surgery.
- This elevation can occur early and may account for a significant percentage of early postoperative complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess risk factors associated with postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) increase.
- To evaluate the course of IOP elevation after cataract surgery.
- To determine optimal treatment strategies for managing IOP spikes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on risk factors and management of postoperative IOP elevation.
- Analysis of factors contributing to IOP spikes, including surgical technique and patient-specific conditions.
- Evaluation of the efficacy of various IOP-lowering agents.
Main Results:
- Identified risk factors for IOP elevation include residual viscoelastic material, resident-performed surgery, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, longer axial length, tamsulosin use, and topical steroid application in responders.
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes often peak 3-4 hours postoperatively, questioning the utility of day-1 follow-up in all cases.
- No single IOP-lowering agent has been found to completely prevent IOP spikes.
Conclusions:
- Recommend a combination of topical dorzolamide/timolol and brinzolamide for high-risk patients, especially those with pre-existing optic nerve damage.
- Cessation of corticosteroids typically normalizes IOP in steroid responders.
- Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment protocols, particularly for glaucoma patients.
Related Concept Videos
03:12Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
40.1K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
40.1K
01:20Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves
295
Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
295
02:34Vapor Pressure
40.7K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
40.7K
02:57Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer
43.4K
Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
43.4K
01:23Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management
416
During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
416
03:02Constant Pressure Calorimetry
97.7K
Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
97.7K