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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Wai-Kay Seto1, Ying-Ru Lo2, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky3

  • 1Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

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Hepatitis B virus infection poses a global health risk, but vaccination and effective therapies significantly reduce chronic carriage and disease progression. Optimizing management and developing new treatments are key to its elimination by 2030.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health concern, leading to significant liver-related illness and death.
  • Transmission occurs at birth or through person-to-person contact, highlighting the importance of preventative measures.
  • Elevated HBV DNA levels are a primary risk factor for disease progression in chronically infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of hepatitis B virus infection management.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostics, therapies, and prevention strategies.
  • To assess the feasibility of the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate HBV by 2030.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hepatitis B virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic and monitoring tools, including non-invasive fibrosis assessment.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of nucleos(t)ide-analogue therapies.
  • Assessment of novel therapeutic agents in development.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination is highly effective in preventing HBV infection and chronic carriage.
  • Nucleos(t)ide-analogue therapy offers safe and effective viral suppression, reducing liver complications.
  • Non-invasive fibrosis assessment is an emerging, important tool alongside traditional methods.
  • Promising new therapies are under development, offering future treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies, including vaccination, potent antiviral therapies, and improved care linkage, are crucial for controlling chronic HBV infection.
  • The goal of eliminating hepatitis B virus as a global health threat by 2030 is attainable with continued advancements and global efforts.