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Related Concept Videos

The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
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Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
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A novel electromagnetic tracking system for surgery navigation.

Filippo Attivissimo1, Anna Maria Lucia Lanzolla1, Sabatina Carlone1

  • 1a Department of Electrical and Information Engineering , Polytechnic University of Bari , Bari , Italy.

Computer Assisted Surgery (Abingdon, England)
|December 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel electromagnetic tracking system for surgical navigation was developed. This system offers a wider tracking volume and high accuracy, enhancing surgical procedure efficiency and reducing invasiveness.

Keywords:
Computed assisted surgeryelectromagnetic trackingfield generatornavigationtracking volume

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Navigation Technology

Background:

  • Surgical navigation systems are crucial for improving the precision and efficiency of medical interventions.
  • Existing electromagnetic tracking systems often have limitations in tracking volume and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electromagnetic tracking system for navigation surgery.
  • To achieve a system with a wide tracking volume and high measurement accuracy for easier and more efficient surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new field generator with five transmitting coils using Frequency Division Multiplexing.
  • Coil design and arrangement focused on high sensitivity and a homogeneous magnetic field.
  • Implementation of a Look-Up-Table technique for sensor position calculation and anthropomorphic robot for calibration.

Main Results:

  • Experimental tests demonstrated good measurement repeatability and negligible noise influence.
  • The proposed system achieved a wider tracking volume compared to commercial surgical tracking devices.
  • The system shows promising results for surgical applications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed system features a scalable Field Generator, high sensitivity from increased coils, and a large tracking volume.
  • This high-accuracy, wide-volume magnetic tracking system can promote broader use of advanced surgical techniques.
  • The technology aims to improve surgical effectiveness and decrease invasiveness.