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Manipulation of Color Patterns in Jumping Spiders for Use in Behavioral Experiments
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Prolonged milk provisioning in a jumping spider.

Zhanqi Chen1, Richard T Corlett1, Xiaoguo Jiao2

  • 1Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 1, 2018
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Summary

A jumping spider exhibits mammal-like lactation, providing nutritious milk to spiderlings. This invertebrate milk provisioning and extended maternal care challenge our understanding of these traits in the animal kingdom.

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Invertebrate Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Lactation is a defining characteristic of mammals, with few known non-mammalian examples exhibiting different mechanisms.
  • Parental care in invertebrates is diverse but typically does not involve milk provisioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and analyze milk provisioning in a jumping spider species.
  • To compare spider milk provisioning and maternal care with mammalian lactation and parental care.
  • To investigate the evolutionary implications of these behaviors in invertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of a jumping spider colony over an extended period.
  • Behavioral analysis of mother-offspring interactions, including feeding.
  • Assessment of milk composition and nutritional value (implied).

Main Results:

  • Spiderlings were observed ingesting nutritious milk droplets secreted from the mother's epigastric furrow.
  • Milk provisioning was crucial for early offspring survival and supplemented later foraging.
  • Maternal care extended beyond sexual maturity, influencing adult sex ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Mammal-like milk provisioning and extended parental care have evolved independently in invertebrates.
  • These findings necessitate a reevaluation of the distribution and evolution of lactation and parental care across the animal kingdom.
  • The jumping spider provides a novel model for studying the evolution of complex maternal care strategies.