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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Published on: June 16, 2020
Interleukin-33 in Systemic Sclerosis: Expression and Pathogenesis
Liya Li1,2, Honglin Zhu1,2, Xiaoxia Zuo1,2
1Department of Rheumatology and immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Abstract:
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 superfamily, functions as a traditional cytokine and nuclear factor. It is proposed to have an "alarmin" role. IL-33 mediates biological effects by interacting with the ST2 receptor and IL-1 receptor accessory protein, particularly in innate immune cells and T helper 2 cells. Recent articles have described IL-33 as an emerging pro-fibrotic cytokine in the immune system as well as a novel potential target for systemic sclerosis. Here, we review the available information and focus on the pleiotropic expression and pathogenesis of IL-33 in systemic sclerosis, as well as the feasibility of using IL-33 in clinical applications.
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