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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
Published on: February 27, 2017
Robust Stability of Efficient Lead-Free Formamidinium Tin Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Realized by Structural
Weiyin Gao1, Chenxin Ran1,2, Jingrui Li3
1Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , P.R. China.
Abstract:
The instability issue of Pb-free Sn-based perovskite is one of the biggest challenges for its application in optoelectronic devices. Herein, a structural regulation strategy is demonstrated to regulate the geometric symmetry of formamidiniumtin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite. Experimental and theoretical works show that the introduction of cesium cation (Cs+) could improve the geometric symmetry, suppress the oxidation of Sn2+, and enhance the thermodynamical structural stability of FASnI3. As a result, the inverted planar Cs-doped FASnI3-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) is shown to maintain 90% of its initial power-conversion efficiency (PCE) after 2000 h stored in N2, which is the best durability to date for 3D Sn-based PSCs. Most importantly, the air, thermal, and illumination stabilities of the PSCs are all improved after Cs doping. The PCE of the Cs-doped PSC shows a 63% increase compared to that of the control device (from 3.74% to 6.08%) due to the improved quality of the Cs-doped FASnI3 film.
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