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Recent progress in piezotronics and tribotronics.

Weiguo Hu1,2,3, Chi Zhang1,2,3, Zhong Lin Wang1,2,3,4

  • 1CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.

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Piezotronics and tribotronics enable smart electronic device interactions by using mechanical stress and electrostatic potential to control electrical properties. These fields are advancing MEMS, self-powered sensors, and wearable electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electronics Engineering

Background:

  • Electronic technology faces limitations, driving research into smart device-environment interactions.
  • Mechanical signal triggering is a natural interface for human/ambient interaction with electronics and AI.
  • Piezotronic effect (2006) uses piezoelectric polarization to control carrier transport in semiconductors.
  • Tribotronics (2014) uses triboelectrification-induced electrostatic potential as a gate voltage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in piezotronics and tribotronics.
  • To focus on fundamental theories, nanoscale materials, functional devices, and simulations.
  • To highlight applications in third-generation semiconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on piezotronics and tribotronics.
  • Analysis of fundamental theories and material properties.
  • Examination of functional device designs and simulation results.

Main Results:

  • Piezotronics observed in low-dimensional semiconductors (ZnO, GaN, CdS, MoS2).
  • Tribotronics research has progressed rapidly, with devices like tactile switches, memory, sensors, and phototransistors developed.
  • Applications span various materials and device architectures.

Conclusions:

  • Piezotronics and tribotronics offer promising avenues for future electronic technologies beyond Moore's Law.
  • These fields facilitate the development of Micro/Nanoelectromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS), self-powered sensing, man-computer interfacing, and active wearable electronics.