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[Corneal dystrophies].

S V Trufanov¹, L Yu Tekeeva¹, E P Salovarova¹

¹Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021.

Vestnik Oftalmologii

|December 1, 2018

Summary

This review covers corneal dystrophies, slow-progressing eye conditions, detailing their clinical, morphological, and genetic features. Current treatments focus on symptom management, with surgical options for severe vision loss.

Keywords:

classification of dystrophies cornea corneal degeneration corneal dystrophy

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Pathology

Background:

Corneal dystrophies are a group of slow-progressing, non-inflammatory corneal pathologies.
These conditions often exhibit variable associated traits, necessitating careful differential diagnosis from acute inflammatory eye diseases.
Accurate diagnosis is crucial as dystrophies require different management than urgent inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the modern clinical, morphological, and genetic aspects of corneal dystrophies.
To provide an overview based on the latest international classification (2015).
To highlight the importance of differential diagnosis and current treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of recent international classification of corneal dystrophies.
Analysis of clinical, morphological, and genetic data.
Synthesis of information on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

Corneal dystrophies are characterized by slow progression and non-inflammatory nature.
Differential diagnosis from acute inflammatory conditions is critical.
Current conservative treatments are symptomatic (lubricants, epithelizing agents, contact lenses).
No targeted etiological treatments are currently available.

Conclusions:

Effective management of corneal dystrophies relies on accurate diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.
Surgical interventions like phototherapeutic keratectomy and keratoplasty are options for vision-impairing cases.
Further research into targeted etiopathogenetic treatments is warranted.