Sculpting complex polarization singularity networks

Polarization singularities in vectorial light fields have become an important tool for different cutting-edge applications such as information processing with integer information units. However, even though vectorial singularities naturally form configurations of multiple singular points, up to now only rather simple, mostly cylindrical vector beams including single central singularities, have been considered. Here we demonstrate the customization of extended singularity networks embedded in a class of complex polarization structures based on general Ince-Gaussian modes, namely, Ince-Gaussian vector modes. Contributing to fundamental singular optics, our investigations evince the conservation of tailored singularity arrangements upon 3D propagation, whereby respective modes enlarge the range of stable vectorial fields, paving the way to information technologies with a significantly enhanced number of degrees of freedom.